Some Shipping Companies Gain an Edge During Holidays
As retailers rethink inventory strategy, transportation companies see fortunes change; e-commerce to buoy UPS, FedEx, DHL
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A United Parcel Service driver picks up packages in the Soho neighborhood of New York. UPS predicts its deliveries will increase 10% to a record 630 million packages between Black Friday and New Year’s Eve this year, compared with last year. Photo: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg News
Peak season was a no show for railroads, truckers and ocean carriers—a time when incoming containers to ports in the fall can rise as much as 15%, according to Hackett Associates.
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The "white glove" delivery market is one of the fastest growing areas of e-commerce, in which drivers are required not only to deliver but unpack and install bulky items in customers' homes. Photo: Bryan Anselm for The Wall Street Journal
That is because of a stark disconnect between online and brick-and-mortar shopping expectations this year. Physical retailers are sitting on near record-high inventories as consumer spending hasn’t yet caught up with hopes of a surge stoked by low gasoline prices. They are also employing new methods of inventory management for the holidays, including shipping items sold online from some stores and stocking fewer goods in others as they attempt to better predict rapidly shifting consumer demand, resulting in more packages.
ENLARGE Railroads experienced lower growth in container and trailer volumes in the third quarter, and that segment fell 1.4% in October. Trucking companies reported excess capacity, and the global ocean freight market grew only 1% in the third quarter, said ocean shipping giant A.P. Møller-Mærsk A/S.
“I think the low growth has taken everybody by surprise,” CEO Nils Andersen on Mærsk’s earnings call earlier this month. “At least it was below what we expected and definitely did not meet our hopes for the peak season.”
Peak volumes on the rails have “been muted,” Lance Fritz, CEO of railroad company Union Pacific Corp. , said in an interview. “I don’t know what to expect out of consumers going into the holiday season.”
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Retailers have painted a mixed picture so far for the holidays, with some mall-based chains issuing warnings on weak consumer spending, and other big-box stores including Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Home Depot Inc. reporting rising sales. Amazon.com Inc. said it expected its fourth-quarter sales to grow between 14% and 25%.
“Obviously the economic news has been mixed, but at the end of the day—even on the consumer side—you see a larger, faster paced strength in the e-commerce space as compared to retail,” said UPS Chief Financial Officer Richard Peretz in an interview.
DHL Express, which in the U.S. primarily handles international shipments, expects its peak season volumes there to be more than 40% higher than its average daily volume in the third quarter. Its busiest day is forecast to be Dec. 22, when the company expects to deliver 250,000 shipments from around the world arriving in the U.S.
Already, October was the company’s biggest month ever for U.S. inbound delivery volume, and November hasn’t slowed down, said DHL Express U.S. CEO Mike Parra in an interview. “I think it’s all associated with the strengthening of the dollar,” Mr. Parra said, adding that the company’s growth was driven by e-commerce.
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Companies specializing in online holiday shipping—UPS, FedEx, the U.S. Postal Service and DHL—are expecting a big surge in deliveries. Photo: Michael Nagle/Bloomberg News
A large piece of the disconnect between freight and small parcel stems from currently high inventory levels, which retailers think they can sell off online come December. When store shelves are full, manufacturers produce less and fewer freight shipments are sent, said Joseph LaVorgna, chief U.S. economist for Deutsche Bank AG .
In addition, retailers are changing the way they manage that inventory, according to both retail and delivery experts. Instead of stocking 50 sweaters at each store, some retailers will keep just 10 on hand, leaving the rest at a centralized distribution center that also fills online orders. When that store runs out, it will order 10 more for just-in-time restocking, and UPS or FedEx will get it to the door.
At other store locations, retailers are stocking up to use those as mini distribution hubs, employing holiday workers to pick and pack that same sweater for pickup by a delivery man for shipment to an online shopper.
DHL’s Mr. Parra said that more retailers are stocking up via smaller airfreight orders from international suppliers, a method they discovered was more cost effective than expected during a slowdown of the West Coast ports last year. “There’s no need for having large inventories sitting in brick-and-mortar stores,” he said.
Retailers are currently working toward full visibility of every item in stock, in stores and distribution centers, in real time, said Steve Osburn, a supply chain consultant with Kurt Salmon. While it’s a work in progress, “ultimately the long term play is if you get better use of inventory, you don’t have to carry as much inventory,” he said.
